calendario eventi  :: 

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23/7/2012

Two exhibitions

IVAM Instituto Valenciano de Arte Moderno, Valencia

24 julio – 14 octubre 2012

Frank Stella
Del rigor al barroquismo

Curator: Martine Soria

Frank Stella (Malden, Massachusetts, 1936) is one of the twentieth-century’s great masters of abstract art who is still active. Rewarded by the IVAM with the Premio Internacional Julio González, Frank Stella is considered the precursor of Minimalism. His work from the 1950s meant a radical rupture with the plastic precepts that had defined American Abstract Expressionist painting. His precise geometrical lines and plain coloured painting transformed not only the rectangular format of traditional canvas, but also the conceptual and vital precepts of the pictorial creation itself.

Frank Stella, who first studied at the Philips Academy in Andover from 1950 until 1954, and later, in Princeton, until 1958, was heavily influenced by the impact made on American students by the creators of the Bauhaus exiled due to the menace of Nazism. Stella belongs to a generation of artists entirely formed theoretically as well as plastically in abstraction, option which he completely defends and acclaims: “I feel that abstraction became superior to representationalism as a mode of painting after 1945.” And he adds “Abstraction has the best chance of any pictorial attitude to be inclusive about the expanding sum of our culture’s knowledge. It is flexible and expansive.”

At the end of the 1950s, and influenced by proposals from Kazimir Malevich and Piet Mondrian, Stella emphasised primary form structures and colour in his paintings. He worked with a great simplicity of plastic elements and with great economy of means over big black, white or multicolour format paintings carried out with great meticulousness with outlines that coincide with the exterior limits of the image. “His stripes are the paths of brush on canvas. These paths lead only into painting,” said Carl Andre in this respect.

Soon after, Frank Stella started the construction of his Shaped-canvas, paintings of singular and original forms that challenged traditional canons. The use of coloured stripes guides the rhythm of the space on the support giving the work the status of the object whose function is to revalue its surroundings.

After having been one of the most important representatives of Minimal Art, in 1974 Frank Stella turned to multiple and trimmed forms, confectioned with very diverse materials and using a wide range of fluorescent, metallic and acid colours. It’s a work that gradually became three-dimensional and its free forms led it towards sculpture. Cardboard cuttings, cloths, bronze, or wire mesh fragments he joined to pieces of aluminium fixed to metal structures.

This metamorphosis done from series that overlapped in time, with contributions from Kitsch, from graffiti, with evocations from Pop and employing popular culture colours, led him to some sort of baroque from which he later escaped when he worked on monumental scale works, to which polished, rusted or burnt steel gave a much more austere aspect.

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24 julio – 28 de octubre 2012

Sean Scully
Doric

Curator: Oscar Humphries

The work of Sean Scully (Dublin, 1945) is indebted to the influences of Piet Mondrian, Mark Rothko and Henry Matisse. While working as a typographer's apprentice, he started his studies at London’s Central School of Arts, completing his education at Croydon College of Arts in London, Newcastle University and at the University of Harvard. Since 1970, and from his research on optical illusions, perception of serial structures and the sense of movement through superposition, Scully reduced his iconographic repertoire to a series of lines, bands and blocks that have become representative of his work. He assembles these elements of his painting in an alternative order and, in addition, he builds subtle monumental arrangements in which the contrast between figure and background is neutralized. The treatment of colour in his work implies a handcrafted process: the progressive superposition of thin layers impregnated of different pigments that are revealed by transparency offer unique tones, of great depth, conferring sensual warmth and emotion upon his abstract compositions. The exhibition we present is dedicated to the Doric series, monumental sized paintings that the artist has produced since 2008 until now and to a series of water-colour paintings created in Greece during the 1980s, thematic prologue of the large formats of Doric.

The series was fundamentally conceived as a celebration of the contribution of classic Greek culture to humanity. The works embody a metaphor of Greek architecture: “the spaces between the columns are space for thought, for light, for questioning and growth” writes Scully. The light and dark tones intervene in a complex game of solidity and shadow. There is no doubt Athens is the global inspiration of the series, but the role of Mooseurach –the countryside location of Scully’s studio near Munich– is also crucial. It was here that the paintings began, on a very particular wall which Scully grew to think was essential to the process, “...that’s where I would make the Doric paintings, and I would paint them into the evening when I could hardly see what I was doing. I like that clarity.” he explains. It’s striking that the gravity Scully sought for the Doric works was forged in the fading light of the Bavarian forest, that to evoke the city and people that he regards as the very cornerstone of humanity he needed not to be in the great metropolis, but surrounded by trees. There is a powerful emotional force in his literal evocation of sunset that remits us directly to the sensible spirit and the ambience of Doric Night and Doric Dusk (both from 2011).

In the last works of the series, he employs a rich range of blacks highly superior to the one employed during many years; it reminds us of his black paintings from the mid to late seventies, product of a self-confessed “five year love affair” with minimalist art. As he explains: “The black paintings taught me to make the Doric paintings.” For Scully, black is resolutely a colour. He owes this to one of his artistic heroes, Henri Matisse, although there is also a clear link to the late black and gray paintings of another key influence, Mark Rothko. Another fundamental source is found in what Scully calls the “luxurious blacks” in the paintings of the seventeenth century Spanish artists, especially those of Francisco de Zurbarán. The push for austerity in the Doric series owes much to the Extremeño master’s expertise in using different tones of white. “It’s a very strange metaphysical relationship with materials, which is of course fundamental to all of my work –that relationship between materiality and light”. As with Zurbarán’s clerical robes, the whites in the Doric paintings are remarkably delicate in their nuanced hues. Rhythm is vital to the series. By 2009 Scully was growing increasingly frustrated by canvas and decided instead to paint on Alu-Dibond, a composite material consisting of two sheets of aluminium and a central core layer of polyethylene. Scully has likened the feel of painting on the metal to the percussion section of a jazz band, which inevitably prompts a hypnotic rhythm to enter into the marks he makes.

Scully knew from the beginning that he wanted the Doric paintings to constitute “a big series which would be very centred and not include ramifications in other pictorial styles, that it were independent”. To achieve this he recurred to the pictorial experiences occurred during the major part of half a century, appealing to different moments of his own history and, as always, revisiting the work of artists from the near and distant past. The beginning of the Doric series is, therefore, at the same time an addition of these rich sources and an extraordinarily fertile new episode in the work of Scully.

In respect to the series of water-colour paintings exposed that were painted in the decade of the eighties the artist wrote: “I spent a week on the island of Simi in 1984. As ever, when I travel, I look at the houses where people live. I looked at the buildings on Simi, and they expressed a clean simple monumentality. So I made a group of watercolours while I was there. The second one I made (8.10.84) was more or less a faithful view from a big bay window. I had rented an apartment on a cliff overlooking the sea. The terrace was flat and white against the blue and yellow of the sea and the sand. Most of these watercolours show windows and architectural inserts. Blunt geometric divisions, ending with Simi Morning, a pale yellow, blue, brown, white watercolour that I painted the day before I left. All affected by Simi. All reflecting a classicism that is embedded in the simplest of structures. And of course, there is the constant still light.”

Image: Frank Stella, Baft, 1965

Department of Communication (34) 96 386 76 79 or send an e-mail to comunicacion@ivam.es

IVAM Institut Valencià d’Art Modern
Guillem de Castro, 118, 46003 Valencia
hours / Tuesday to Sunday from 11.00 to 20.00
Summer hours: Monday from 11.00 to 17.00 hours
General entrance: 2 euro 

Students / Student card: 1 euro 

Retired people: Free entrance

Civic and cultural groups (advanced booking): Free entrance 

Other groups: 1,50 euro per person

Handicap: Free entrance

Sundays: Free entrance

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