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9/12/2008

Nameless Science

Apexart, New York

Curated by Henk Slager

With projects by Ricardo Basbaum (Brazil), Jan Kaila (Finland), Irene Kopelman (The Netherlands), Matts Leiderstam (Sweden), Ronan McCrea (Ireland), Sarah Pierce (UK/USA), and Morten Torgersrud (Norway).

The debate on artistic research emerging worldwide in the field of visual art for some five years now tends to focus on what artistic research could be or should be. As a consequence of that debate, artistic research as a yet undefined sanctuary for creative experiment and knowledge production is prone to the danger of being absorbed by an intellectually crippling academic discourse on how the specificity of research-based art as a novel modus operandi could be defined and framed. That tendency is comparable to what happened in the 1990s with the initially so radically formulated anti-disciplinary cultural studies. Such academic debate that ultimately seems to be focused particularly on institutional and managerial results–and is, moreover, connected in Europe time and again with the so-called Bologna rules, i.e. the introduction of a bachelor, master, and PhD structure in art education–provides very little insight in the specific qualities of the artistic research process as such. Therefore, it is more than urgent to approach research practices from the perspective of the artistic profession implying entirely different and also more intrinsic views.

In that context, the project Nameless Science aims at expanding the artistic research debate while showing the concrete outcome of seven best artistic research practices in PhD projects. These actual projects will demonstrate that the form of research taking place through the practice of visual art is, in fact, much more dynamic than is common within the traditional academic bastions still characterized by distinct and clear fields and disciplines. Visual art knows a different form of research strikingly described during one of the first European conferences on artistic research by Sarat Maharaj as “spasmic, interdisciplinary probes, haphazard cognitive investigations, dissipating interaction, and imaginary archiving.”(1) A mode of research not focused purposefully on generating “expert knowledge,” but specifically on expressing experience-based knowledge. Such knowledge cannot be channeled through rigid academic-scientific guidelines of generalization, repetition and quantification, but requires full attention for the unique, the qualitative, the particular, and the local. In short, a form of nominalist production of knowledge unable to serve a retinal, one-dimensional worldview characterized by transparent singularity, but rather creating– and if necessary demanding–room for the undefined, the heterogeneous, the plural, the contingent, and the relative. Such knowledge production can only be the sole outcome of a researching practice characterized at all times by an absolute open, non-disciplinary attitude and an insertion of multiple models of interpretation. That mode of research has been strikingly described in the 1970s by the philosopher of science Feyerabend in a then utopian fashion as “anarchist methodology” and “Dadaist epistemology.”(2)

In spite of much academic skepticism, there is indeed today a visual practice satisfying the essential components of widely accepted research. Research conducted by artists –similar to research in the traditional sciences such as humanities, social sciences and natural sciences–is as well guided by the, since time immemorial, most important maxim of any scientific activity: the awareness of the necessity of a transparent communication. The artist as researcher needs to explain clearly why the domain of visual art necessitates the research questions and, the other way around, why those questions should necessarily be articulated in the visual domain. In addition, the researcher should be able to justify both the process and the chosen operational methodology and trajectory. In that context, one characteristic turns out to be specifically remarkable. A striking methodology in the topical practice of artistic research appears to be the formulation of a certain problem from a specific situation-based artistic process and furthermore to interconnect that problem in an open constellation with various knowledge systems and disciplines. Those artistic research projects seem to thwart the well-defined disciplines: They know the hermeneutic questions of the humanities (the alpha-sciences); they are engaged in empirically scientific methods (the beta-sciences); and they are aware of commitment (the gamma-sciences). Because of that capacity and willingness to continuously engage in novel, unexpected epistemological relations in a methodologicalprocess of interconnectivity, artistic research could best be described as a delta-discipline: a way of research not a priori determined by any established scientific paradigm or model of representation; an undefined discipline as “nameless science,”(3) directed towards generating novel connections, flexible constructions, multiplicities, and new reflexive zones.

That undefined non-paradigmatic discipline as nameless science is indeed the curatorial departing point in the exhibition Nameless Science. All seven presented artistic research projects deal with an artistic reinterpretation of representation(al) models, existing disciplines, comprehension strategies, and academic classification systems. Consequently, these research projects do not only produce fluent forms of interconnectivity and methodology accompanied by different forms of knowledge production, they also lead to novel artistic strategies and intensities of perception.

In his project Photographing the Barents Region (2008), Morten Torgersrud (Bergen School of Art) deconstructs a homogenizing geography from the paradigm of the nationstate and a territorializing form of atlas-thought by focusing on the complexity of a political, cultural, and economic interstitial domain: the Barents Region determined by the spheres of influence of both Norway and Russia. Torgersrud’s “essay installation” consists of a creative atlas mapping a series of significant locations–not from a centric perspective or a coherent narrative, but from a passion for both the material history of the landscape and the politics of space. The installation is accompanied by a series of slide projections and textual reflections dealing with how the medium of photography contributes ideologically to the historical rise of the uniformizing concept of landscape.

Researchers Matts Leiderstam (Malmö School of Art) and Jan Kaila (Helsinki School of Art) engage in related research questions. In his project See and Seen (2006), Matts Leiderstam investigates the conventions for the ideal landscape developed as techniques of perception in 18th-century painting (e.g. Claude Lorrain). A research trajectory consisting of the investigation of historical reports and contexts and a production of various artistic strategies (copying, tourism) leads to the issue and implications of current spectatorship and how to address that subject in artistic work.

The project Photographicality (2008) by Jan Kaila focuses on the dominance of the photographic paradigm in current visual communication. Such photographic perception seems to manifest itself in an almost intermedial way as an artistic tenet and attitude. The use of different media aiming at creating pictures awakens perceptions, associations, and other meanings similar to the working of photographic pictures. In an installation consisting of photographic images mediated by video and text, Kaila explores whether the photographic process of communication might be related to a polar intertwining of a presentative, aesthetic dimension (“the here and now”), and the photographic, representative, and informational dimension (“the there and then”).

Also Ronan McCrea (University of Ulster) examines the photographic process of communication. In his School Play Series (2008) project, he creates a series of markings in a schoolyard suggesting an undefined game. Photographs appear to demonstrate that the game is spontaneously played. However, the photographs also force us to pose the ontological question whether playing a game–as an anthropologically ambiguous and in fact undefined phenomenon–could indeed be captured in a decisive moment. For example, a moment where the child finds out that the rules it developed for the game are similar to the rules of daily life; a life lived outside the safe environment of the school.

In Ricardo Basbaum’s (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) project NBP (New Bases for Personality), a hermeneutic link is created between game and artistic experience. The installation is a multifunctional metal structure, a set of instructions for the participants, video registrations of a series of games played, and a diagram with several layers depicting both the original project and the transformations submitted throughout history. That creates a series of rhythmic propositions, an awareness of potential forms of social relations, and ultimately a topology of a dynamic concept of identity surpassing the interpretative framework of social science.

Do natural sciences allow an artistic intervention and reverification of visual representation? That question is the starting point for Irene Kopelman’s (MaHKU, Utrecht) research project Space in-between Spaces (2008). Kopelman investigates how various Natural Science collections used to base their display system on 19th-century forms of categorization and logics of identity, a classifying logos excluding differences and singularities. In the form of a concentrated series of artistic interventions and deconstructions of device systems, Kopelman develops alternative forms of archiving and display for a number of Natural Science collections.

Examining the logic of display and exhibition is the subject of Sarah Pierce (Goldsmiths College, London) as well. Pierce’s project Test Pieces, Ambivalence and Authority (2006-ongoing ) focuses on the paradox of the curatorial characterized by a point of order but also by a point of pause. In Eyes of the University, Derrida relates the concept of points of pause, the hesitations and decisions that mark one’s research. Pierce uses this insight to draw attention to the anticipatory status of student work and the college campus as a tentative, transitional site of speculation and deferral. Her apexart presentation links moments of ambivalence to the authority of artistic research as it occurs in the academy and includes a video registration of the Nameless Science symposium and contributions by students of various New York art academies.

© 2008 Henk Slager

PUBLIC SYMPOSIUM
Concerning the significance of artistic research for art education
December 12, 10am to 5pm
at The Cooper Union, Wollman Auditorium 51 Astor Place, New York, NY

The symposium involves a presentation of the Nameless Science research projects by the artists, followed by a discussion with critical referents from EARN (European Artistic Research Network) members Mick Wilson (Dublin GradCAM), Gertrud Sandqvist (Malmö School of Art), Felicitas Thun (Vienna School of Art), Tamar Zinguer (The Cooper Union School of Architecture), and John Rajchman (Columbia University).
Also keynote statements by Sarat Maharaj (Malmö School of Art), Grant Kester (University of California) and George Smith (IDSVA, Portland).

REFERENCES
1. Sarat Maharaj, Xeno-Epistemics, in: Annette W. Balkema and Henk Slager, Artistic Research, Amsterdam/New York, 2004, p. 50.
2. Paul Feyerabend, Against Method. Outline of an anarchistic theory of knowledge, 1975.
3. Cf. Giorgio Agamben’s Potentialities (1999). Here Aby Warburg’s research is sketched as “unnamed discipline”: a mode of being freed from a formalizing, academic disciplining.

The Nameless Science exhibition and symposium are supported in part by Bergen Academy of Art; The Cooper Union; Dublin GradCAM; IDSVA; FRAME Finnish Fund for Art Exchange; Malmo School of Art; Mondriaan Foundation, Amsterdam; the Research Institute Art and Design, University of Ulster, UK; Utrecht Consortium/Utrecht School of the Art; Vienna School of Art.

Publications
Reports on the project Nameless Science will be published by http://www.artandresearch.org.uk (Volume 2, No. 2, Winter 2009) and by MaHKUzine, Journal of Artistic Research, Volume 7, Spring 2009, http://www.mahku.nl

Support
The project Nameless Science is supported in part by Bergen Academy of Art; FRAME Finnish Fund for Art Exchange; Mondriaan Foundation, Amsterdam; The Research Institute Art and Design, University of Ulster, UK; The Cooper Union, New York; Idsva, Portland; EARN (European Artistic Research Network); Malmo School of Art; Vienna School of Art; Gradcam Dublin and MaHKU/Utrecht Consortium.

Opening Exhibition: December 10, 6-8pm
Symposium: December 12

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