Four canvases completed in 2005. In each of these paintings, the artist conjures a maelstrom of images which map a condition of barely controlled chaos. The paintings Alter, Citadel, and Black City, are based on historical and contemporary architectural plans for fortresses, while Arcade is a kaleidoscope of drawings for mercantile architecture. These works can be understood as Mehretu's quest for perspective on the relationships between militarism and consumerism and also as meditations on the symbolic properties of architecture.